%0 Journal Article %J Environmental Research %D 2024 %T Residential greenspace and major depression among older adults living in urban and suburban areas with different climates across the United States. %A Fossa, Alan J %A D'Souza, Jennifer %A Bergmans, Rachel %A Zivin, Kara %A Adar, Sara D %K Aged %K depression %K Depressive Disorder, Major %K Environmental Exposure %K Female %K Humans %K Male %K Mental Health %K Middle Aged %K Parks, Recreational %K United States %X

BACKGROUND AND AIM: Residential greenspace could alleviate depression - a leading cause of disability. Fewer studies of depression and greenspace have considered major depression, and, to our knowledge, none have considered how climate, which determines vegetation abundance and type, may change the impacts of greenspace. Our aim was to investigate whether residential greenspace is associated with major depression among older adults and explore effect modification by climate.

METHODS: We used biennial interviews between 2008 and 2016 from the Health and Retirement Study. We calculated greenness within walking distance of home addresses as the maximum NDVI for the year of each participant interview averaged within a 1 km buffer. Reflecting clinical criteria, a score of ≥5 on the CIDI-SF indicated major depression in the preceding 12-months. We characterized climate using Köppen-Geiger classifications. To estimate prevalence ratios, we used Poisson regression. Our models adjusted for sociodemographic characteristics, geography, annual sunshine, and bluespace.

RESULTS: The 21,611 eligible participants were 65 ± 10 years old on average, 55% female, 81% White, 12% Black, 10% Hispanic/Latino, and 31% had at least a 4-year college degree. The 12-month prevalence of a major depression was 8%. In adjusted models, more residential greenspace was associated with a lower prevalence of major depression (prevalence ratio per IQR, 0.91; 95% CI, 0.84 to 0.98). There was evidence of effect modification by climate (P forinteraction, 0.062). We observed stronger associations in tropical (prevalence ratio per IQR 0.69; 95% CI, 0.47 to 1.01) and cold (prevalence ratio per IQR, 0.83; 95% CI, 0.74 to 0.93) climates compared to arid (prevalence ratio per IQR 0.99; 95% CI, 0.90 to 1.09) and temperate (prevalence ratio per IQR 0.98; 95% CI, 0.86 to 1.11) climates.

CONCLUSIONS: Residential greenspace may help reduce major depression. However, climate may influence how people benefit from greenspace.

%B Environmental Research %V 243 %P 117844 %G eng %R 10.1016/j.envres.2023.117844 %0 Journal Article %J Biodemography Soc Biol %D 2023 %T Gender differences in the association of polygenic risk and divergent depression trajectories from mid to late life: a national longitudinal study. %A Chen, Ping %A Li, Yi %A Wu, Fang %K Adult %K Aged %K Aged, 80 and over %K depression %K Depressive Disorder, Major %K Female %K Humans %K Longitudinal Studies %K Male %K Middle Aged %K Risk Factors %K Sex Factors %X

Our research fills a critical gap in the depression literature by utilizing a life course perspective to examine gender-gene interactions in association with depression trajectories over time. Using data from the Health and Retirement Study, we estimated multi-level negative binomial and logistic mixed models to analyze gender-specific trajectories of depressive symptoms (CESD-8) and potential clinical depression risk from middle to late adulthood in relation to gender-by-polygenic-risk (PRS) interactions. We found increasingly greater female-male gaps in the CESD-8 scale and a higher probability of clinical depression risk with increasing polygenic risk scores. Furthermore, females' higher genetic vulnerabilities to depressive conditions than males vary from ages 51 to 90 years, (e.g. 0.28 higher CESD-8 scale for females at ages 76-85 years than for similar-aged males; higher 3.44% probability of depression risk for females at ages 81-85 compared to similar-aged males) (e.g. about 2.40% higher probability of depression risk for females at ages 61-70 years than for similar-aged males) . This study contributes to new knowledge of how gender-by-polygenic-risk interactions are associated with depression trajectories across the life course.

%B Biodemography Soc Biol %V 68 %P 32-53 %G eng %N 1 %R 10.1080/19485565.2023.2196710 %0 Journal Article %J J Affect Disord %D 2016 %T The relationship between childhood poverty, military service, and later life depression among men: Evidence from the Health and Retirement Study. %A Bareis, Natalie %A Briana Mezuk %K Adult Survivors of Child Adverse Events %K Aged %K Depressive Disorder, Major %K Female %K Health Surveys %K Humans %K Life Change Events %K Male %K Middle Aged %K Military Personnel %K Odds Ratio %K Poverty %K Self Report %K United States %K Veterans %X

BACKGROUND: Childhood poverty has been associated with depression in adulthood, but whether this relationship extends to later life major depression (MD) or is modified by military service is unclear.

METHODS: Data come from the Health and Retirement Study (HRS) 2010 wave, a longitudinal, nationally representative study of older adults. Men with data on military service and childhood poverty were included (N=6330). Childhood poverty was assessed by four indicators (i.e., parental unemployment, residential instability) experienced before age 16. Military service was categorized as veteran versus civilian, and during draft versus all-volunteer (after 1973) eras. Past year MD was defined by the Composite International Diagnostic Inventory.

RESULTS: Four in ten men ever served, with 13.7% in the all-volunteer military. Approximately 12% of civilians, 8% draft era and 24% all-volunteer era veterans had MD. Childhood poverty was associated with higher odds of MD (Odds Ratio (OR): 2.38, 95% Confidence Interval (CI): 1.32-4.32) and higher odds of military service (OR: 2.58, 95% CI: 1.58-4.21). Military service was marginally associated with MD (OR: 1.28, 95% CI: 0.98-1.68) and did not moderate the association between childhood poverty and MD.

LIMITATIONS: Self-report data is subject to recall bias. The HRS did not assess childhood physical and emotional abuse, or military combat exposure.

CONCLUSIONS: Men raised in poverty had greater odds of draft and all-volunteer military service. Early-life experiences, independent of military service, appear associated with greater odds of MD. Assessing childhood poverty in service members may identify risk for depression in later life.

%B J Affect Disord %V 206 %P 1-7 %8 2016 Dec %G eng %U https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27455351 %1 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27455351?dopt=Abstract %R 10.1016/j.jad.2016.07.018 %0 Journal Article %J Int Psychogeriatr %D 2016 %T Relationship between marijuana and other illicit drug use and depression/suicidal thoughts among late middle-aged and older adults. %A Namkee G Choi %A DiNitto, Diana M %A Marti, C Nathan %A Bryan Y Choi %K Age Distribution %K Aged %K Cannabis %K Cross-Sectional Studies %K depression %K Depressive Disorder, Major %K Female %K Health Surveys %K Humans %K Illicit Drugs %K Male %K Marijuana Abuse %K Marijuana Smoking %K Middle Aged %K Regression Analysis %K Self Report %K Substance-Related Disorders %K Suicidal Ideation %K Suicide, Attempted %K United States %X

BACKGROUND: Despite growing numbers of older-adult illicit drug users, research on this topic is rare. This study examined the relationship between marijuana and/or other illicit drug use and major depressive episode (MDE) and serious suicidal thoughts among those aged 50+ years in the USA.

METHODS: The public use files of the 2008 to 2012 US National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH) provided data on 29,634 individuals aged 50+ years. Logistic regression analysis was used to test hypothesized associations between past-year marijuana and/or other illicit drug use and MDE and serious suicidal thoughts.

RESULTS: Nearly 6% of the 50+ years age group reported past-year marijuana and/or other illicit drug use. Compared to non-users of any illicit drug, the odds of past-year MDE among those who used marijuana only, other illicit drugs only, and marijuana and other illicit drugs were 1.54 (95% CI = 1.17-2.03), 2.75 (95% CI = 1.75-4.33), and 2.12 (95% CI = 1.45-3.09), respectively. Those who used marijuana and other drugs also had higher odds (2.44, 95% CI = 1.58-3.77) of suicidal thoughts than non-users of any illicit drug. However, among users of any illicit drug, no difference was found among users of marijuana only, marijuana and other illicit drugs, and other illicit drugs only. Among marijuana users, marijuana use frequency was a significant correlate of suicidal thoughts only among those with MDE.

CONCLUSIONS: Health and mental health (MH) service providers should pay close attention to the potential reciprocal effects of marijuana and other illicit drug use and MDE and suicidal thoughts among late middle-aged and older adults.

%B Int Psychogeriatr %V 28 %P 577-89 %8 2016 Apr %G eng %U https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26542746 %N 4 %1 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26542746?dopt=Abstract %R 10.1017/S1041610215001738 %0 Journal Article %J Psychol Med %D 2016 %T Somatic, positive and negative domains of the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression (CES-D) scale: a meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies. %A Demirkan, A %A J. Lahti %A Nese Direk %A Viktorin, A. %A Kathryn L Lunetta %A Antonio Terracciano %A Michael A Nalls %A Toshiko Tanaka %A Karin Hek %A Myriam Fornage %A Jürgen Wellmann %A Marilyn C Cornelis %A Ollila, H. M. %A Lei Yu %A Luke C Pilling %A Isaacs, A %A Aarno Palotie %A Wei Vivian Zhuang %A Alan B Zonderman %A Jessica Faul %A Angelina R Sutin %A Osorio Meirelles %A Mulas, A %A Hofman, A %A André G Uitterlinden %A Fernando Rivadeneira %A Markus Perola %A Wei Zhao %A Veikko Salomaa %A Kristine Yaffe %A Luik, A I %A Yongmei Liu %A Ding, J %A Paul Lichtenstein %A Landén, M %A Elisabeth Widen %A David R Weir %A David J Llewellyn %A Murray, A %A Sharon L R Kardia %A Johan G Eriksson %A Karestan C Koenen %A Patrik K E Magnusson %A Luigi Ferrucci %A Thomas H Mosley %A Francesco Cucca %A Ben A Oostra %A David A Bennett %A Paunio, T. %A Klaus Berger %A Tamara B Harris %A Nancy L Pedersen %A Joanne M Murabito %A Henning Tiemeier %A Cornelia M van Duijn %A Katri Räikkönen %K depression %K Depressive Disorder, Major %K Genome-Wide Association Study %K Humans %K Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide %K Receptor, Melatonin, MT1 %K Somatoform Disorders %X

BACKGROUND: Major depressive disorder (MDD) is moderately heritable, however genome-wide association studies (GWAS) for MDD, as well as for related continuous outcomes, have not shown consistent results. Attempts to elucidate the genetic basis of MDD may be hindered by heterogeneity in diagnosis. The Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression (CES-D) scale provides a widely used tool for measuring depressive symptoms clustered in four different domains which can be combined together into a total score but also can be analysed as separate symptom domains.

METHOD: We performed a meta-analysis of GWAS of the CES-D symptom clusters. We recruited 12 cohorts with the 20- or 10-item CES-D scale (32 528 persons).

RESULTS: One single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), rs713224, located near the brain-expressed melatonin receptor (MTNR1A) gene, was associated with the somatic complaints domain of depression symptoms, with borderline genome-wide significance (p discovery = 3.82 × 10-8). The SNP was analysed in an additional five cohorts comprising the replication sample (6813 persons). However, the association was not consistent among the replication sample (p discovery+replication = 1.10 × 10-6) with evidence of heterogeneity.

CONCLUSIONS: Despite the effort to harmonize the phenotypes across cohorts and participants, our study is still underpowered to detect consistent association for depression, even by means of symptom classification. On the contrary, the SNP-based heritability and co-heritability estimation results suggest that a very minor part of the variation could be captured by GWAS, explaining the reason of sparse findings.

%B Psychol Med %V 46 %P 1613-23 %8 2016 06 %G eng %U https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26997408 %N 8 %1 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26997408?dopt=Abstract %R 10.1017/S0033291715002081 %0 Journal Article %J Mol Psychiatry %D 2015 %T The association between lower educational attainment and depression owing to shared genetic effects? Results in ~25,000 subjects. %A Wouter J Peyrot %A Lee, S H %A Milaneschi, Y %A Abdel Abdellaoui %A Byrne, E M %A Tõnu Esko %A Eco J. C. de Geus %A Hemani, G %A Jouke-Jan Hottenga %A Kloiber, S %A Douglas F Levinson %A Lucae, S %A Nicholas G Martin %A Sarah E Medland %A Andres Metspalu %A Lili Milani %A Markus M Nöthen %A Potash, J B %A Rietschel, M %A Cornelius A Rietveld %A Ripke, S %A Jianxin Shi %A Gonneke Willemsen %A Zhihong Zhu %A Dorret I Boomsma %A Naomi R. Wray %A Brenda W J H Penninx %K Adult %K Aged %K Cohort Studies %K Depressive Disorder, Major %K Educational Status %K Estonia %K Female %K Gene-Environment Interaction %K Genetic Association Studies %K Genotype %K Humans %K Likelihood Functions %K Male %K Middle Aged %K Netherlands %K Odds Ratio %K Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide %K Psychiatric Status Rating Scales %K Regression Analysis %X

An association between lower educational attainment (EA) and an increased risk for depression has been confirmed in various western countries. This study examines whether pleiotropic genetic effects contribute to this association. Therefore, data were analyzed from a total of 9662 major depressive disorder (MDD) cases and 14,949 controls (with no lifetime MDD diagnosis) from the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium with additional Dutch and Estonian data. The association of EA and MDD was assessed with logistic regression in 15,138 individuals indicating a significantly negative association in our sample with an odds ratio for MDD 0.78 (0.75-0.82) per standard deviation increase in EA. With data of 884,105 autosomal common single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), three methods were applied to test for pleiotropy between MDD and EA: (i) genetic profile risk scores (GPRS) derived from training data for EA (independent meta-analysis on ~120,000 subjects) and MDD (using a 10-fold leave-one-out procedure in the current sample), (ii) bivariate genomic-relationship-matrix restricted maximum likelihood (GREML) and (iii) SNP effect concordance analysis (SECA). With these methods, we found (i) that the EA-GPRS did not predict MDD status, and MDD-GPRS did not predict EA, (ii) a weak negative genetic correlation with bivariate GREML analyses, but this correlation was not consistently significant, (iii) no evidence for concordance of MDD and EA SNP effects with SECA analysis. To conclude, our study confirms an association of lower EA and MDD risk, but this association was not because of measurable pleiotropic genetic effects, which suggests that environmental factors could be involved, for example, socioeconomic status.

%B Mol Psychiatry %V 20 %P 735-43 %8 2015 Jun %G eng %N 6 %1 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25917368?dopt=Abstract %R 10.1038/mp.2015.50 %0 Journal Article %J Psychol Med %D 2015 %T Polygenic risk, stressful life events and depressive symptoms in older adults: a polygenic score analysis. %A Musliner, Katherine L. %A Seiffudin, Fayaz %A Judy, J. A. %A Pirooznia, Mehdi %A Goes, Fernando S. %A Zandi, Peter P. %K depression %K Depressive Disorder, Major %K Female %K Genetic Predisposition to Disease %K Humans %K Life Change Events %K Male %K Middle Aged %K Multifactorial Inheritance %K Odds Ratio %K Risk Factors %K United States %X

BACKGROUND: Previous studies suggest that the relationship between genetic risk and depression may be moderated by stressful life events (SLEs). The goal of this study was to assess whether SLEs moderate the association between polygenic risk of major depressive disorder (MDD) and depressive symptoms in older adults.

METHOD: We used logistic and negative binomial regressions to assess the associations between polygenic risk, SLEs and depressive symptoms in a sample of 8761 participants from the Health and Retirement Study. Polygenic scores were derived from the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium genome-wide association study of MDD. SLEs were operationalized as a dichotomous variable indicating whether participants had experienced at least one stressful event during the previous 2 years. Depressive symptoms were measured using an eight-item Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale subscale and operationalized as both a dichotomous and a count variable.

RESULTS: The odds of reporting four or more depressive symptoms were over twice as high among individuals who experienced at least one SLE (odds ratio 2.19, 95% confidence interval 1.86-2.58). Polygenic scores were significantly associated with depressive symptoms (β = 0.21, p ⩽ 0.0001), although the variance explained was modest (pseudo r 2 = 0.0095). None of the interaction terms for polygenic scores and SLEs was statistically significant.

CONCLUSIONS: Polygenic risk and SLEs are robust, independent predictors of depressive symptoms in older adults. Consistent with an additive model, we found no evidence that SLEs moderated the association between common variant polygenic risk and depressive symptoms.

%B Psychol Med %V 45 %P 1709-20 %8 2015 Jun %G eng %N 8 %1 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25488392?dopt=Abstract %R 10.1017/S0033291714002839 %0 Journal Article %J Biodemography Soc Biol %D 2014 %T A polygenic risk score associated with measures of depressive symptoms among older adults. %A Morgan E. Levine %A Eileen M. Crimmins %A Carol A Prescott %A Drystan F. Phillips %A Thalida E. Arpawong %A Jinkook Lee %K Aged %K Aged, 80 and over %K Depressive Disorder, Major %K Female %K Genetic Predisposition to Disease %K Genetic Variation %K Genome-Wide Association Study %K Humans %K Male %K Middle Aged %K Multifactorial Inheritance %K Odds Ratio %K Risk Factors %X

It has been suggested that depression is a polygenic trait, arising from the influences of multiple loci with small individual effects. The aim of this study is to generate a polygenic risk score (PRS) to examine the association between genetic variation and depressive symptoms. Our analytic sample included N = 10,091 participants aged 50 and older from the Health and Retirement Study (HRS). Depressive symptoms were measured by Center for Epidemiological Studies-Depression scale (CESD) scores assessed on up to nine occasions across 18 years. We conducted a genome-wide association analysis for a discovery set (n = 7,000) and used the top 11 single-nucleotide polymorphisms, all with p < 10(-5) to generate a weighted PRS for our replication sample (n = 3,091). Results showed that the PRS was significantly associated with mean CESD score in the replication sample (β = .08, p = .002). The R(2) change for the inclusion of the PRS was .003. Using a multinomial logistic regression model, we also examined the association between genetic risk and chronicity of high (4+) CESD scores. We found that a one-standard-deviation increase in PRS was associated with a 36 percent increase in the odds of having chronically high CESD scores relative to never having had high CESD scores. Our findings are consistent with depression being a polygenic trait and suggest that the cumulative influence of multiple variants increases an individual's susceptibility for chronically experiencing high levels of depressive symptoms.

%B Biodemography Soc Biol %I 60 %V 60 %P 199-211 %8 2014 %G eng %N 2 %1 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25343367?dopt=Abstract %2 PMC4298361 %4 GENOME-WIDE ASSOCIATION/INDIVIDUAL GENETIC RISK/MAJOR DEPRESSION/DISEASE RISK/HERITABILITY/genetics/genetics/depression/Depressive Symptoms/CES Depression Scale/CES Depression Scale/regression Analysis %$ 999999 %R 10.1080/19485565.2014.952705 %0 Journal Article %J Am J Obstet Gynecol %D 2009 %T Major depression and urinary incontinence in women: temporal associations in an epidemiologic sample. %A Jennifer L Melville %A Fan, Ming-Yu %A Rau, Holly %A Ingrid E Nygaard %A Wayne J Katon %K Depressive Disorder, Major %K Female %K Humans %K Longitudinal Studies %K Middle Aged %K Risk Factors %K Time Factors %K Urinary incontinence %X

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether: (1) major depression is associated with increased risk for onset of urinary incontinence, and (2) urinary incontinence is associated with increased risk for onset of depression.

STUDY DESIGN: Longitudinal cohort study of female Health and Retirement Study participants completing baseline interviews at Wave 3 (1996-1997) and follow-up interviews at Waves 4-6 (1998-2003).

RESULTS: In a cohort of 5820 women with a mean age 59.3 (+/- 0.5) years, 6-year cumulative incidences of depression and incontinence were 11% and 21%, respectively. Major depression was associated with increased odds of incident incontinence (adjusted odds ratio, 1.46; 95% confidence interval, 1.08-1.97) during follow-up compared with those without major depression at baseline. Conversely, incontinence was not associated with increased odds of incident depression (adjusted odds ratio, 1.03; 95% confidence interval, 0.75-1.42) compared with those without incontinence at baseline.

CONCLUSION: Major depression predicted onset of urinary incontinence in a population-based sample of at-risk, community-dwelling women. Incontinence did not predict onset of depression.

%B Am J Obstet Gynecol %I 201 %V 201 %P 490.e1-7 %8 2009 Nov %G eng %N 5 %L newpubs20091202_Melville.pdf %1 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19716547?dopt=Abstract %3 19716547 %4 Depression/Women/Incontinence %$ 21320 %R 10.1016/j.ajog.2009.05.047 %0 Journal Article %J J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci %D 2008 %T Within-group differences in depression among older Hispanics living in the United States. %A Frances Margaret Yang %A Cazorla-Lancaster, Yamileth %A Richard N Jones %K Aged %K Culture %K Depressive Disorder, Major %K Female %K Hispanic or Latino %K Humans %K Insurance, Health %K Male %K Middle Aged %K Prevalence %K Severity of Illness Index %K Socioeconomic factors %K United States %X

Using the Health and Retirement Study, we examine the prevalence of depression in different groups of Hispanic older adults. Respondents (n = 759) were aged 59 and older and identified themselves as Mexican American (56%), Cuban American (13%), Puerto Rican (8%), other (8%), or not specified (15%). We used a modified version of the Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression scale and the Composite International Diagnostic Interview to assess depressive symptoms and the presence of major depression. Relative to Puerto Ricans, each Hispanic group had significantly lower levels of depressive symptoms, except for Cuban Americans; and each Hispanic group had lower prevalence rates for major depression, except for other Hispanics, even after we adjusted for sociodemographic, cultural factors, socioeconomic, functional limitations, and chronic health conditions.

%B J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci %I 63B %V 63 %P P27-32 %8 2008 Jan %G eng %N 1 %L newpubs20080411_YangJoG.pdf %1 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18332191?dopt=Abstract %2 PMC2366970 %4 Hispanic Americans/Depression %$ 18810 %R 10.1093/geronb/63.1.p27 %0 Journal Article %J J Am Geriatr Soc %D 2004 %T Cognitive deficits and the course of major depression in a cohort of middle-aged and older community-dwelling adults. %A Ramin Mojtabai %A Mark Olfson %K Aged %K Chi-Square Distribution %K Cognition Disorders %K Depressive Disorder, Major %K Female %K Geriatric Assessment %K Humans %K Interviews as Topic %K Logistic Models %K Male %K Middle Aged %K Prospective Studies %K Psychiatric Status Rating Scales %K Residence Characteristics %K Risk Factors %K United States %X

OBJECTIVES: To examine associations between cognitive deficits and persistent significant depressive symptoms at baseline and 2- and 4-year follow-ups in a sample of community-dwelling middle-aged and older adults.

DESIGN: Prospective cohort study.

SETTING: A U.S. national prospective cohort study of middle-aged and older adults, the Health and Retirement Study.

PARTICIPANTS: A sample of 661 participants of the 1996 wave of the Health and Retirement Study who met criteria for 12-month Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Third Edition, Revised major depression (MD).

MEASUREMENTS: MD was assessed using the World Health Organization Composite International Diagnostic Interview-Short Form. Persistent significant depressive symptoms were assessed using an eight-item version of the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression scale.

RESULTS: Cognitive deficits were associated with persistent significant depressive symptoms at follow-up. In a latent state-trait analysis, two stable and strongly correlated traits best explained variations in cognitive functioning and depressive symptoms across assessment points.

CONCLUSION: Trait-like cognitive deficits commonly complicate the course of MD in community-dwelling middle-aged and older adults and may help to explain the persistent course of depressive symptoms in a large subgroup of adults with MD in this age range.

%B J Am Geriatr Soc %I 52 %V 52 %P 1060-9 %8 2004 Jul %G eng %N 7 %1 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15209642?dopt=Abstract %4 Cognition/Depression/Female/Geriatric Assessment/Logistic Models/Prospective Studies/Psychiatric Status Rating Scales/Housing/Risk Factors %$ 14340 %R 10.1111/j.1532-5415.2004.52302.x %0 Journal Article %J Psychol Med %D 2004 %T Major depression in community-dwelling middle-aged and older adults: prevalence and 2- and 4-year follow-up symptoms. %A Ramin Mojtabai %A Mark Olfson %K Age Factors %K Aged %K Depressive Disorder, Major %K Female %K Follow-Up Studies %K Health Status %K Humans %K Logistic Models %K Male %K Middle Aged %K Prevalence %K Residence Characteristics %K Sex Factors %K Socioeconomic factors %K Time Factors %K United States %X

BACKGROUND: Although major depression is a common condition across the age range, there is some evidence from clinical studies that it may be more persistent and disabling in older adults. This study examined the demographic, socio-economic and clinical factors associated with major depression and with persistence of depressive symptoms at 2- and 4-year follow-ups in a large population sample of middle-aged and older adults.

METHOD: In a sample of 9747 participants aged over 50 in the 1996 wave of the US Health and Retirement Study, the authors assessed the 12-month prevalence of major depression using the Composite International Diagnostic Interview-Short Form (CIDI-SF). Significant depressive symptoms at the time of 1996, 1998 and 2000 interviews were assessed using a short form of the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES-D).

RESULTS: The 12-month prevalence of CIDI-SF major depression was 6.6%. With age, prevalence declined, but the likelihood of significant depressive symptoms at follow-ups increased. Both prevalence and persistence of significant depressive symptoms at follow-ups were associated with socio-economic disadvantage and physical illness. Persistence of depressive symptoms at follow-ups was also associated with symptoms of anhedonia, feelings of worthlessness, and thoughts of death at baseline.

CONCLUSIONS: Sociodemographic, physical health and a specific profile of depressive symptoms are associated with a poorer course of major depression in the middle-aged and older adults. These indicators may identify a subgroup of patients in need of more careful follow-up and intensive treatment.

%B Psychol Med %I 34 %V 34 %P 623-34 %8 2004 May %G eng %N 4 %1 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15099417?dopt=Abstract %4 Depression %$ 13682 %R 10.1017/S0033291703001764 %0 Journal Article %J Am J Public Health %D 2003 %T Racial/ethnic differences in rates of depression among preretirement adults. %A Dorothy D Dunlop %A Song, Jing %A Lyons, J.S. %A Larry M Manheim %A Rowland W Chang %K Aged %K Black or African American %K Cohort Studies %K Comorbidity %K Demography %K Depressive Disorder, Major %K Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders %K Female %K Hispanic or Latino %K Humans %K Male %K Middle Aged %K Minority Groups %K Probability %K Risk Factors %K Socioeconomic factors %K United States %K White People %X

OBJECTIVES: We estimated racial/ethnic differences in rates of major depression and investigated possible mediators.

METHODS: Depression prevalence rates among African American, Hispanic, and White adults were estimated from a population-based national sample and adjusted for potential confounders.

RESULTS: African Americans (odds ratio [OR] = 1.16, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.93, 1.44) and Hispanics (OR = 1.44, 95% CI = 1.02, 2.04) exhibited elevated rates of major depression relative to Whites. After control for confounders, Hispanics and Whites exhibited similar rates, and African Americans exhibited significantly lower rates than Whites.

CONCLUSIONS: Major depression and factors associated with depression were more frequent among members of minority groups than among Whites. Elevated depression rates among minority individuals are largely associated with greater health burdens and lack of health insurance, factors amenable to public policy intervention.

%B Am J Public Health %I 93 %V 93 %P 1945-52 %8 2003 Nov %G eng %N 11 %1 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14600071?dopt=Abstract %4 Racial Differences/Depression %$ 13012 %R 10.2105/ajph.93.11.1945 %0 Journal Article %J Int Psychogeriatr %D 1999 %T A revised CES-D measure of depressive symptoms and a DSM-based measure of major depressive episodes in the elderly. %A Carolyn L. Turvey %A Robert B Wallace %A A. Regula Herzog %K Aged %K Antidepressive Agents %K depression %K Depressive Disorder, Major %K Diagnosis, Differential %K Female %K Humans %K Male %K Prospective Studies %K Psychiatric Status Rating Scales %K Psychometrics %K Severity of Illness Index %K Surveys and Questionnaires %X

This study examines the psychometric properties of two new abbreviated versions of standard measures of depression, a revised eight-item Center for Epidemiological Studies-Depression Scale (CES-D) and a short-form Composite International Diagnostic Interview (short-form CIDI). A sample of 6,133 elders, age 70 years or older, completed both measures as part of the Asset and Health Dynamics Study of the Oldest Old. The revised CES-D had an internal consistency and factor structure comparable to that of prior versions of the CES-D. The sources of discordance between the two measures were examined and the two measures were compared on self-report of four clinical variables: medical illness, physician diagnosis, psychiatric treatment, and antidepressant or tranquilizer use. Both measures were associated with self-report of physician diagnosis and psychiatric treatment. Respondents positive for depression on the CES-D reported higher rates of antidepressant use. Respondents positive on the short-form CIDI only did not report more antidepressant use than nondepressed respondents.

%B Int Psychogeriatr %I 11 %V 11 %P 139-48 %8 1999 Jun %G eng %U https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11475428/ %N 2 %1 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11475428?dopt=Abstract %4 Antidepressive Agents/Therapeutic Use/Depression/Depression, Involutional/Gender/Prospective Studies/Psychiatric Status Rating Scales/Psychometrics/Severity of Illness Index/Support, Non U.S. Government/Support, U.S. Government--PHS %$ 4340 %R 10.1017/s1041610299005694