%0 Journal Article %J Health Serv Res %D 2004 %T Elevated depressive symptoms among caregiving grandparents. %A Blustein, J. %A Sewin Chan %A Guanais, F.C. %K Child %K Data collection %K depression %K Family %K Humans %K Intergenerational Relations %K Interviews as Topic %K Middle Aged %K Socioeconomic factors %K United States %X

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether caregiving grandparents are at an increased risk for depressive symptoms.

DATA SOURCE: National sample (n=10,293) of grandparents aged 53-63 years in 1994, and their spouse/partners, who took part in the Health and Retirement Study (HRS).

STUDY DESIGN: Grandparents were surveyed in 1994 and resurveyed every two years thereafter, through 2000. Over that period, 977 had a grandchild move in or out of their home. These grandparents served as their own controls to assess the impact of having a grandchild in the home. Data Extraction. Depressive symptoms were measured using an abbreviated form of the Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression (CES-D) scale, scored 1-8, with a score > or =4 associated with depression "caseness".

PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: At the time of the 1994 interview, 8.2 percent of grandparents had a grandchild in their home. However, there was substantial variation across demographic groups (e.g., 29.4 percent of single nonwhite grandmothers, but only 2.0 percent of single white grandfathers had a grandchild in residence). The impact of having a grandchild in the home varied by grandparent demographic group, with single grandparents and those without coresident adult children experiencing the greatest probability of elevation in depressive symptoms when a grandchild was in residence. For example, single nonwhite grandmothers experienced an 8 percentage point increase in the probability of having a CES-D score > or =4 when a grandchild was in their home, compared to when a grandchild was not in their home, controlling for changes in health care, income, and household composition over time (95 percent CI=0.1 to 15.0 percentage points).

CONCLUSIONS: Grandparents have a greater probability of elevated depressive symptoms when a grandchild is in their home, versus when a grandchild is not in their home. Single women of color bear a disproportionate burden of the depression associated with caring for grandchildren. Since an increasing number of grandparents function as a de facto safety net keeping their grandchildren out of formal foster care, identifying strategies to support the health and well-being of caregiving grandparents is an emerging priority.

%B Health Serv Res %I 39 %V 39 %P 1671-89 %8 2004 Dec %G eng %N 6 Pt 1 %1 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15533181?dopt=Abstract %4 Depressive Symptoms/Caregivers %$ 14112 %R 10.1111/j.1475-6773.2004.00312.x