Title | The Cumulative Impact of Chronic Stressors on Risks of Myocardial Infarction in US Older Adults. |
Publication Type | Journal Article |
Year of Publication | 2021 |
Authors | Dupre, ME, Farmer, HR, Xu, H, Navar, AMarie, Nanna, MG, George, LK, Peterson, ED |
Journal | Psychosomatic Medicine |
Volume | 83 |
Issue | 9 |
Pagination | 987-994 |
ISSN Number | 1534-7796 |
Keywords | Blood pressure, Cardiovascular disease, Chronic stress, Myocardial Infarction |
Abstract | OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to investigate the association between cumulative exposure to chronic stressors and the incidence of myocardial infarction (MI) in US older adults. METHODS: Nationally representative prospective cohort data of adults 45 years and older (n = 15,109) were used to investigate the association between the cumulative number of chronic stressors and the incidence of MI in US older adults. Proportional hazards models adjusted for confounding risk factors and differences by sex, race/ethnicity, and history of MI were assessed. RESULTS: The median age of participants was 65 years, 714 (4.7%) had a prior MI, and 557 (3.7%) had an MI during follow-up. Approximately 84% of participants reported at least one chronic stressor at baseline, and more than half reported two or more stressors. Multivariable models showed that risks of MI increased incrementally from one chronic stressor (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.28, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.20-1.37) to four or more chronic stressors (HR = 2.71, 95% CI = 2.08-3.53) compared with those who reported no stressors. These risks were only partly reduced after adjustments for multiple demographic, socioeconomic, psychosocial, behavioral, and clinical risk factors. In adults who had a prior MI (p value for interaction = .038), we found that risks of a recurrent event increased substantially from one chronic stressor (HR = 1.30, 95% CI = 1.09-1.54) to four or more chronic stressors (HR = 2.85, 95% CI = 1.43-5.69). CONCLUSIONS: Chronic life stressors are significant independent risk factors for cardiovascular events in US older adults. The risks associated with multiple chronic stressors were especially high in adults with a previous MI. |
DOI | 10.1097/PSY.0000000000000976 |
Citation Key | 11996 |
PubMed ID | 34297011 |
PubMed Central ID | PMC8578196 |
Grant List | R03 AG064303 / AG / NIA NIH HHS / United States T32 HL069749 / HL / NHLBI NIH HHS / United States U54 MD012530 / MD / NIMHD NIH HHS / United States T32 AG000029 / AG / NIA NIH HHS / United States K01 HL133416 / HL / NHLBI NIH HHS / United States |