Association of Social Risk Domains With Poor Cardiovascular Risk Factor Control in US Adults With Diabetes, From 2006 to 2016.

TitleAssociation of Social Risk Domains With Poor Cardiovascular Risk Factor Control in US Adults With Diabetes, From 2006 to 2016.
Publication TypeJournal Article
Year of Publication2022
AuthorsCorwin, T, Ozieh, MN, Garacci, E, Walker, RJ, Egede, LE
JournalJAMA Network Open
Volume5
Issue9
Paginatione2230853
ISSN Number2574-3805
KeywordsCardiovascular Diseases, Diabetes Mellitus, Glycated Hemoglobin A, HDL, Heart Disease Risk Factors, Lipoproteins, Risk Factors
Abstract

Importance: Few studies have examined the association between social risk factors and poor control of cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors.

Objective: To examine the sequential association between social risk domains and CVD risk control over time in older adults with diabetes.

Design, Setting, and Participants: This cohort study analyzed core interviews from 4877 US adults with diabetes who were participating in the Health and Retirement Study, a national longitudinal survey of US adults. Participants were older than 50 years, completed the social risk domain questions, and had data on CVD risk factor measures from January 2006 to December 2016. Data were analyzed from June to July 2022.

Exposures: Five social risk domains were created: (1) economic stability, (2) neighborhood or built environment, (3) education access, (4) health care access, and (5) social or community context.

Main Outcomes and Measures: The 4 primary outcomes were (1) poor glycemic control (hemoglobin A1c [HbA1c] level ≥8.0%), (2) poor blood pressure (BP) control (systolic BP≥140 mm Hg and diastolic BP ≥90 mm Hg), (3) poor cholesterol control (total cholesterol/high-density lipoprotein ratio ≥5), and (4) a composite of poor CVD risk control (≥2 poorly controlled glucose level, BP, or cholesterol level).

Results: Among this cohort of 4877 older adults with diabetes (mean [SD] age, 68.6 [9.8] years; 2715 women [55.7%]), 890 participants (18.3%) had an HbA1c level of 8% or higher, 774 (15.9%) had systolic BP of 140 mm Hg or higher and diastolic BP of 90 mm Hg or higher, 962 (19.7%) had total cholesterol/high-density lipoprotein ratio of 5 or higher, and 437 (9.0%) had at least 2 poorly controlled CVD risk factors. Neighborhood or built environment (ie, adverse social support) was independently associated with poor glycemic control (odds ratio [OR], 1.31; 95% CI, 1.06-1.63), whereas economic stability (ie, medication cost-related nonadherence) (OR, 1.40; 95% CI, 1.04-1.87) and health care access (ie, lack of health insurance) (OR, 1.58; 95% CI, 1.20-2.09) were independently associated with poor BP control after full adjustment. Education access (ie, lack of education) (OR, 1.24; 95% CI, 1.01-1.52) and health care access (ie, lack of health insurance) (OR, 1.31; 95% CI, 1.02-1.68) were independently associated with poor cholesterol control. Health care access (ie, lack of health insurance) was the only social risk domain that was independently associated with having at least 2 poorly controlled CVD risk factors (OR, 1.72; 95% CI, 1.26-2.37).

Conclusions and Relevance: Results of this study suggest that certain social risk domains are associated with control of CVD risk factors over time. Interventions targeting domains, such as neighborhood or built environment, economic stability, and education access, may be beneficial to controlling CVD risk factors in older adults with diabetes.

DOI10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2022.30853
Citation Key12687
PubMed ID36083585
PubMed Central IDPMC9463604
Grant ListK24 DK093699 / DK / NIDDK NIH HHS / United States
R01 DK118038 / DK / NIDDK NIH HHS / United States
R01 DK120861 / DK / NIDDK NIH HHS / United States
R01 MD013826 / MD / NIMHD NIH HHS / United States