It's Never too Late: Wealth Changes Among Diabetic Elderly Hispanics

Depression is associated with both Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and cerebrovascular disease (CVD), though the relationship is poorly understood. In a clinical cohort (N=85) and a research cohort (N=608), patients with a history of depression currently in remission were analyzed for AD and CVD biomarkers. Regression analysis did not find significant associations between past depression and AD/CVD biomarkers in either cohort. However, k-means clustering analysis revealed a subgroup of patients with both past depression and AD demonstrating higher plasma neurofilament light chain, white matter hyperintensity volumes, and cognitive deficits. Sexspecific analysis identified a higher incidence of past depression, fewer years of education, and higher total tau levels among females, and increased WMH burden and poorer memory performance among males. Depression is a highly heterogenous disorder with a complex relationship to AD and CVD. Future studies should include biomarker-confirmed AD with adequate historical details related to depression timing, frequency, duration and severity