Associations between internet use, social participation, and cognitive function among middle-aged and older adults.

The evidence regarding the impact of internet use on cognitive function is inconsistent and lacks cross-national analysis. And prior studies have predominantly focused on global cognitive function. The present study aimed to examine the association between internet use and its transitions with cognitive function using five prospective cohorts from 32 countries. The linear mixed model results showed that internet use was associated with better memory, orientation, executive function, and global cognitive function. These associations were stronger among vulnerable populations (e.g., rural, low-education). When combined with social activities, internet use maximized its protective effects. Additionally, individual's cognitive function with continuous internet use were better than those who have stopped using it. The findings indicated that encouraging internet use among middle-aged and older adults, coupled with targeted training and guidance, could be an effective strategy to protect cognitive function. And social activity participation also benefited cognitive function for those without internet use.